The Government And The American Citizens Stipulations...

Introduction The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the government and the American citizens’ stipulations dealing with the drug, marijuana. Additional research was also conducted in order to discover the positive and negative results associated with marijuana being legalized if it were to occur nation-wide. The underlying reason for this topic is due to the recent debates within the federal government, concerning the issue of legalization for the drug. Also, because of the popularity of marijuana with not only the urban community, but with my close affiliates. There has been consistent discussions among my peers of how close the United States is to becoming a marijuana legalized nation. Throughout this paper details dealing with the topic of marijuana and its legalization will be explained by using journal articles and information gathered from my local Lincoln Parish library. These details include the explanation of what marijuana is, the views on marijuana’s legalization regulations among citizens in states across the United States, and the government’s outlook on the use of the drug. Also, personal opinions of a few of my peers will be provided through brief interviews. By completing this research paper, I plan to discover how far marijuana legalization within America has come and the steps being taken to either fully legalized or illegalize marijuana in the future. Literature Review Within this section, a few of the sources used for research will beShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Obamacare On Health Care1239 Words   |  5 Pagescare and enhanced health care access to Americans, which hopes to put consumers back in charge of their health care. It also aims to include upgrades to government-run Medicare and Medicaid. The purpose of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is to provide affordability to Americans. However, the extensive cost to facilitate the phases of this program, and how these expenditures will ultimately be financed, may negatively affect the citizens of this nation. The Supreme Court passedRead MoreThe Population Of Hurricane Katrina Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesOften, the government responds to natural disasters with thorough preparation and planning. The federal, state, and local levels of government do this in an effort to help reduce injury and property damage as well as ensure the overall safety of the general population . The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season saw the costliest and one of the deadliest storms in United States history. This storm was Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina displaced of an estimated 645,000 Louisiana citizens (Cepeda, ValdezRead MoreThe Real Id Act994 Words   |  4 Pagesis based solely on three 9/11 hijackers being able to obtain state identification cards while using fictitious documents. In total, thirty three hijackers acquired state driver’s licenses. Unfortunately, stern stipulations have gradually decreased due to several states and local governments allowing Identification cards to be issued without distinguishing from an authentic driver’s license (Jeunesse, 2015). This allows for illegal immigrants with fake identifications to pass off their cards as driver’sRead MoreArguing a Position Essay2252 Words   |  10 Pagescause. Conformity to this principle, as manifested in conduct; just conduct, dealing, or treatment. When I read the different explanations of the word Justice, all were fitting to give a concise clarification on this subject within the judicial systems all across the world. Historically, African American men are more likely to be incarcerated or imprisoned than any other race. Inequalities towards the African American population appear to be bias and at times racially motivated. This is not a newRead MoreEssay on The Economics of Marijuana Legalization2508 Words   |  11 PagesIts an enemy that many Americans have dealt with face to face. This enemy is illegal drugs, marijuana in particular. Marijuana is the most widely used and criminalized drug in the United States. This highly sought after resource yields a black market price tag that creates a street economy all its own. This is Marijuana by itself, it and all the other illegal drugs together combine to form the third largest economy in the world. This is because the demand for illegal drugs is so high. There can beRead MoreEssay on We Cannot Permit Infringements on Privacy3923 Words   |  16 Pagesindividualism loses precedence to the good of society, and with it goes the individuals private life. The [controlling] Party in the socialist government knows the intimate details of all citizens, an d prosecutes those who violate social orders through threatening speech, behavior or thoughts. The omnipresent visual warning Big Brother is Watching You,† reminds citizens that no personal information is safe from the Thought Police. While this may seem far-fetched to some, Orwell envisioned technology facilitatingRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana4050 Words   |  17 Pagesnot crimesÂ… A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded. In today s society, this statement still applies in reference to the illegal use of marijuana. Marijuana prohibition causes far more harm than marijuana itself. Keeping marijuana illegal is expensive and causes crime. Out of four possible connections between drugs and crime, at least three would not exist if drug prohibition laws were repealed. First, crimes which occur billions of times a yearRead More Prison Overcrowding Essay2453 Words   |  10 Pagesvoters overwhelmingly supported the bill they believed the new law would remove violent felons off the streets making our communities safer. However, California judges were looking at the bigger picture and would foresee the negative effects and the stipulation of the law binding up the court system. The judges had a very limited amount of authority on sentencing anyone falling in the categories under the three strikes law. Convicted felons would spend a longer period of time in the prison. The stateRead MoreHow Does Media Affect Children11485 Words   |  46 Pagesmedia Pressure to buy Influencing behaviour and attitudes 2. Parents and the media Television and radio Magazines and newspapers Role models Wish list 3. Conclusions The media and children The media and parents 4. Recommendations To Government To broadcasters and publishers Appendix Methodology and sample Researcher and author Questionnaire References 3 3 5 7 11 16 18 19 20 22 25 25 26 27 28 30 2 Foreword I have never had any doubt about the power of the massRead MoreBusiness Ethics of Kfc6869 Words   |  28 Pagesdilemmas - poor quality products, animal abuse and poor working condition of KFC, provided from stakeholder analysis and examples from their history. After that, the report moved on to the importance of the mentioned ethical dilemmas and how KFC is dealing with it. The actions taken are product quality improvement, animal welfare issues and establish union. This included the application of the various ethical theories. Then, it is continued with the good side of KFC when the analysis was done on KFC

Are the College Students Who Need Affirmative Action Getting It

Are the college students who need affirmative action most actually benefiting from it during the admissions process? A look at how affirmative action plays out among Asian American and African American students suggests maybe not. The Diversity of Asian America In the educational realm, colleges and universities often exclude Asian Americans from receiving affirmative action benefits. Thats because the racial group is already highly represented on college campuses nationwide. But a closer look at the Asian American population reveals distinct class divides among its ethnic groups. For instance, those with Southeast Asian origins tend to be lower income and less educated than their counterparts from South and East Asia, alike. Given this, is it fair to subject a Vietnamese American college applicant and a Japanese American college applicant to the same affirmative action policy? The African American Dilemma Among African Americans, class divides exist between blacks native to the United States and foreign-born blacks, with the latter achieving higher incomes and levels of education than the former. In fact, census findings indicate that African immigrants to the U.S. are the most highly educated group of people in the country. In Americas most elite colleges and universities, the blacks on campus are often immigrants or the children of immigrants. Does this mean affirmative action is failing to serve the descendants of slaves, the group some scholars argue it was designed to help? Who Was Affirmative Action Meant to Serve? How did affirmative action come about, and who was meant to reap its benefits? In the 1950s, civil rights activists successfully challenged segregation in the education, food and transportation realms, to name a few. Buoyed by the pressures of the civil rights movement, President John Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in 1961. The order made reference to affirmative action as a means by which to end discrimination. Thats because affirmative action prioritizes the placement of underrepresented groups in sectors from which they were categorically barred in the past, including the workplace and the academy. Back then, African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans faced a wide range of barriers because of their racial backgrounds--from being forced to live in segregated neighborhoods to being denied adequate medical care and fair access to employment. Because of the pervasive discrimination such groups faced, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was created. It functions, in part, to eliminate employment discrimination. The year after the act passed, President Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, which mandated that federal contractors practice affirmative action to develop diversity in the workplace and end race-based discrimination, among other sorts. By the late 1960s, educational institutions were using affirmative action to diversify the nations colleges. How Deep Are Intra-Racial Divides? Thanks to affirmative action, college campuses have grown more diverse over the years. But is affirmative action reaching the most vulnerable segments of underrepresented groups? Take Harvard, for example. In recent years, the institution has come under fire because such a large number of black students on campus are either immigrants or immigrants children. Its estimated that two-thirds of students there come from families which hail from the Caribbean or Africa, the New York Times reported. Therefore, blacks who have resided in the country for generations, the ones who endured slavery, segregation, and other barriers, arent reaping the benefits of affirmative action en masse. Harvard isnt the only elite institution to see this trend play out.  A study published in the Sociology of Education found that selective colleges enroll just 2.4 percent of native black high school graduates but 9.2 percent of immigrant blacks. And a study published in The American Journal of Education found that 27 percent of black students at selective colleges are first- or second-generation immigrants. However, this group makes up only 13 percent of all black people between the ages of 18 and 19 in the United States, leaving little doubt that immigrant blacks are over-represented in elite academic institutions. A large number of Asian Americans are first- or second-generation immigrants, of course. But even in this population, divides exist among native and foreign-born individuals. According to the census 2007 American Community Survey, just 15 percent of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders have bachelors degrees, and just 4 percent have graduate degrees. Meanwhile, 50 percent of Asian Americans overall have bachelors degrees and 20 percent have graduate degrees. While Asian Americans generally are highly educated and well represented on the nations college campuses, clearly the indigenous segment of this population is being left behind. Whats the Solution? Colleges seeking multicultural student bodies must treat African Americans and Asian Americans as diverse groups and not as homogeneous entities. Achieving this requires taking into account an applicants specific ethnic background when considering students for admission.

Essay on Is Physician Assisted Suicide Ethical - 2628 Words

Is Physician Assisted Suicide Ethical? Theresa Anderson SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics amp; Social Responsibility Instructor: David Jung November 25, 2012 Physician assisted suicide, is this an ethical procedure? Many feel strongly on both sides of this issue. Some states such as Washington and Oregon have made Physician assisted suicide legal. Other states such as Michigan and Massachusetts have put the issue to a vote and the voters have turned down the option. What exactly is physician assisted suicide? According to Dictionary.com, the definition is a situation in which a physician provides the means of death for a gravely ill patient .Dehal and Levy explain, â€Å"The Death With Dignity Act (DWDA) allows mentally competent,†¦show more content†¦Who is ethically harmed by physician assisted suicide? The family members that believe that suicide is against their family’s religion may consider themselves ethically harmed. The doctors who feel that assisting in the suicide is against the Hippocratic Oath may feel that this is unethical, but as stated in End-of-life issues in the acute and critically ill patient, â₠¬Å" Patient autonomy is a respect for an individuals right of self-rule. It implies that a patient best knows his/her own goals and values relating to medical interventions. In addition, patients have the right to make decisions that may conflict with the recommendations of family members and health care providers,† (Savory amp; Marco, 2009) According to the utilitarianism argument physician assisted suicide is ethical. With deontology the conclusion would remain the same as with the utilitarianism principle. Mosser explains, â€Å"The deontologist argues that we have a duty, or an obligation, to treat other people with respect; human beings have dignity, and we must take that dignity into consideration when dealing with them.†(Mosser, 2010, Ch1, Pg7) In letting a person choose to die with dignity, we show our respect to them during their final days. As long as the person is able to communicate that their wish is to have a doctor help end their life the deontologist would state that physician assisted suicide is an ethical practice.Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 Pagesvice and virtue, this paper explores the relevance of Aristotle’s moral philosophy in modern day and will be applied to the contemporary ethical issue surrounding physician assisted suicide. By exploring Aristotle’s work through primary and secondary sources, thi s paper will discuss the greater good and happiness as it relates to not only the patient or physician, but as a member of a greater social circle and that of society because to Aristotle the role of the individual is less important than theirRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is described as the intentional discontinuation, by the patient s physician, of vital treatment that could prolong the person s life. Assisted suicide occurs when a health care worker provides a patient with tools and/or medication that will help the patient kill him or herself, without the direct intervention of the care provider. This paper will define key terms for my argument against Physician Assisted Death, and why I believe it’s wrong, where I will provide a brief background ofRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are considering whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide1586 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician Assisted Suicide Is it Right or Wrong? The ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide are both emotional and controversial, as it ranks right up there with abortion. Some argue physician assisted suicide is ethically permissible for a dying person who has choosing to escape the unbearable suffering at the end of life. Furthermore, it is the physician’s duty to alleviate the patients suffering, which at times justifies providing aid-in -dying. These argumentsRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide2297 Words   |  10 Pagesforms of physician-assisted death, such as active, passive, and assisted suicide. To some people they may mean the same thing but in reality, they are quite different. Active euthanasia is when a physician physically injects the patient with a drug that ends their live or in some way is the direct result of the patient’s death. Passive euthanasia is the result of something taken away from the patient that results in t heir death, such as removing a breathing tube or stopping treatment. Physician assistedRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide1214 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide (PAS), refers to self-administration of medication prescribed to a patient by their physician to end his or her life, and euthanasia, the administering of lethal drugs by a physician to end a patient’s life (Lachman, 2015) are extremely controversial topics. For several decades, supporters for the legalization of PAS and euthanasia have served as advocates for terminally ill patients who wish to have an alternative to a long, drawn out, painful death. These supportersRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Issues Involving Physician Assisted Suicide1134 Words   |  5 Pageswhat conditions is physician assisted suicide morally acceptable, is the question at hand and did these states make the right decision on such a slippery slope debate. This paper will go on to explain one side of this very touchy debate, it will also consider objections from the other side, and ultimately defend the position physician assisted suicide is wrong not only morally but also, ethically. My argument for this thesis is provided below: P1: Physician assisted suicide violates the doctor’sRead MoreMy Ethical Views on Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesMy Ethical Views on Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide is immoral in the case of people who are alive and desire to terminate their life. However, there are extreme cases when hastening the dying process is justified in the circumstances of individuals who are in intense physical impairment. Physician-assisted suicide is defined as the practice where a physician provides a patient with a lethal dose of medication, uponRead More Are Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Ethical? Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesIs Euthanasia Ethical?        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Euthanasia is one of the most acute and uncomfortable contemporary problems in medical ethics.   Is Euthanasia Ethical?   The case for euthanasia rests on one main fundamental moral principle: mercy.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not a new issue; euthanasia has been discussed-and practised-in both Eastern and Western cultures from the earliest historical times to the present.   But because of medicines new technological capacities to extend   lifeRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surrounding

Marriage Comparison Of Corinthians And Ephesians - 893 Words

Daryl Amis Dr. Roy A. Fowler Marriage Comparison of 1 Corinthians and Ephesians 26 April 2017 Matters of Marriage The matters of marriage which are discussed in both 1 Corinthians 7:1-17 and in Ephesians 5:21-33 deal with marriage. While they both deal with marriage, each communication about marriage is different. 1 Corinthians deals with the subject matter of being married as opposed to being single for the sake of the Gospel. The text in Ephesians deals specifically with the relationship of the husband and the wife in relationship with their relationship with Jesus. Both these Scriptures together give us a clear understanding of what marriage should be when understood in the appropriate way. Just as in the day of Paul where the people†¦show more content†¦The Lord values the relationship of man and wife. Because the Lord values the relationship of a man and his wife, he also gives us instructions as to how husbands and wives are to treat each other through Paul’s teaching in Ephesians 5:21-33. The subject of Paul s teaching in Ephesians 5:21-33 is that of submission in the context of marriage. Paul s instructions here create a clash with the beliefs and practices of our culture today. However, a closer study of what God really intended sheds much light on what is really being taught in this hard saying of Paul. Paul is talking about the different roles the both the husband and wife has with each other in relationship with their relationship with Christ. The prominent glaring topic that has to be dealt with is the teaching that wives should submit to their husbands. Many husbands today have taken this teaching too literally and have caused heartache in their marital relationships by demanding that the wives do everything that they say. The one thing that is left out in this way of thinking is that husbands should love their wives as Christ loved the church. Christ loved the church so much that he sacrificed himself for her. The husband should do the same thing. As Manfred T. Brauch has pointed out, â€Å"Paul is actually saying that when a wife who is a Christian submits herself to Christ and lets Him be the Lord of her life she will have no problemShow MoreRelatedA Christian Woman Essay1916 Words   |  8 Pagesmind-set and discourse surrounding marriage, domesticity, and female agency in early modern England was one that is, to modern eyes, punishingly conservative. At the most restrictive end of the spectrum lie texts such as Ju an Luis Vives’ 1524 Instruction of a Christian Woman. Vives lays out, in a passage titled How the Maid Shall Seek a Husband, his views on female roles in pursuing and fulfilling a role as a wife. Drawing from the submissive framework laid out in Ephesians 5:22-33, Vives asserts thatRead More8 Week Pre-Marital Counseling Session Essay4296 Words   |  18 Pages It has not ascribed to the marriage covenant movement per say, however, the state has mandated that all marriage license fees be reduced by $32.50 if the couple completes marriage counseling sessions of at least four hours. This counseling must have taken place no sooner than one year prior to the date on the marriage license application.[1] The church I am presently on staff at requires all couples requesting to be married by any staff member go through marriage counseling. This can be doneRead MoreA Survey Of The New Testament2107 Words   |  9 Pageswere, by works of the law† (Romans 9:32). In First Corinthians Paul addresses many problems going on at the church at Corinth and begins with them all speaking the same things so there will be no divisions among them. Some were saying â€Å"I am of Paul, others† â€Å"I am of Apollos†, Cephas, or Christ (1 Cor. 1:12). Paul tells them they are of Christ, and saying otherwise would be wrong. He goes on to address sexual immorality, suing one another, marriage, and the Lord’s Supper, specifically their conductRead More The Seriousness of in Shakespeares Comedy of Errors Essay examples1916 Words   |  8 Pagesbut chaperoned lunch. His Adriana changes from a bitter shrew into a loyal wife gone a bit too far in her nagging. The play reproves both spouses for their roles in creating distance in their union. Shakespeare also expands the role of women in comparison to the Menaechmi by creating the character of Luciana to act as confidante and critic to Adriana, but, more importantly, to tie up loose ends by p roviding a bride for the second Antipholus. He also revives Aegeons lost wife, now a powerful matronRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagesduring his Wednesday Catecheses in St. Peter’s Square between September 5, 1979 and November 28, 1984. John Paul II says that these catecheses could be called â€Å"Human Love in the Divine Plan† or â€Å"The Redemption of the Body and the Sacramentality of Marriage.† B. Various scholars, in different language groupings, will generally break the theology of the body found in these 129 catecheses down into four main sections, others six. I think the most logical way to do so is to break it down into sevenRead MoreIs Mormonism a branch of Christianity?4109 Words   |  17 PagesBook of Mormon. On April 6, 1830, Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Fayette, New York (Rhodes). In 1843, Smith was bombarded about his view on polygamy. A newspaper condemned the Mormon practice of plural marriages. Angered by the accusations, Smith tried to destroy the printing press that produced the condemning newspaper and was arrested on June 27, 1844. While imprisoned, several men came into the jail and killed Joseph Smith (â€Å"Joseph Smith†). Smith’s followersRead MoreDefining Words Project9052 Words   |  37 PagesWestermann surveys a number of languages to show that thanks is a secondary development. For e xample, in Greek the basic word is grace, and then by extension saying words of grace or giving thanks. The reason for this distinction may be seen from a comparison of giving thanks and praising. First, in giving thanks, whether you express it or not, you are the subject of the verb: I thank you or thanks. But in praise, true praise, the object of the praise is the subject of the sentence: He liftedRead MoreBible Versus the Toran12356 Words   |  50 Pagesthe Jews and the Gentiles. 2. FIRST LETTER TO THE CORINTHIANS - This letter deals with fractions and corrections due to immorality, lawsuits and abuse of the Lords supper. Also mentions idols, marriage and the resurrection. 3. SECOND LETTER TO THE CORINTHIANS - Pauls defense of his apostolic position. 4. TO THE GALATIANS - Paul refutes the errors of legalism and examines the proper place of grace in the christians life. 5. TO THE EPHESIANS - The believers position in Christ and informationRead MoreEssay on Short Term Pastoral Counseling Final15227 Words   |  61 Pageschurch will have approximately 240 in attendance of Sunday morning worship service. My overarching goal for life is to live in and teach others how to grow in the hope that comes from the redemption provided by Jesus Christ. (2 Timothy 3:16-17; Ephesians 1:7) I will be using the solution-based, short-term pastoral counseling model based on Kollar’s (2011) Solution-Focused Pastoral Counseling, and Hawkins’ Pastoral Counseling Scenario and Assessment Model. Upon reviewing the case study Crossroads:Read MorePerpetua and Felicity: Weighing the Cost of Choosing Between Family or Faith6228 Words   |  25 Pagescondemned criminal, literally taking up one’s cross to death. Shouldn’t the promise of eternal life be adequate inspiration for any who genuinely believe Jesus claims- doesn t it make sense that the greatest earthly longevity pales in comparison with eternity-but we sometimes prove less dedicated than we suppose? (26:41) Yes, even the first disciples were not at the outset prepared for such a demand (26:56) But, this does not alleviate the level of commitment our Lord seeks from us: if

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Method

Question: Discuss about the Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Method. Answer: Introduction: Porters Diamond concept can be identified as a theory that can be utilized in explaining the competitive advantages of the countries. As mentioned by Negishi (2014) the theory developed by Heckscher-Ohlin about the competitive success of the nations identified that the countries use their resources for being successful in the international business competition. This model failed to answer how the countries do it. Porters Diamond model answers this question. However, the model proposed by Porter has been criticised with the arguments of the management school and the economic school. Moreover, many critics have identified that the model can only be applied in the context of the developed economies. However, with many other criticisms it can be considered as another inconclusive theory for analysing the national competitiveness. As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) the diamond model of Porter advocates that four different factors (demand conditions, factor conditions, related and supporting industries, and the Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry) in a country determines the competitive stance of a country. Thus, the diamond model is able to identify the causes of major national business projects or the reasons of failures of some others. However, as argued by Shu, Lin and Ye (2013) this model has downplayed a number of crucial factors like the national governmental authority, the FDIs or the role of the MNCs in creating competitiveness or providing inputs into the progress of the national businesses. The diamond model and how it explains the national competitive successes: As mentioned by Kharub and Sharma (2016) the diamond model has identified that with the domestic demand for an industry, the supporting national infrastructure, existence of local supporting industries and the structure of the firms or the completion in the domestic market serve as the factors of competitive advantage for a country. According to Jambor and Babu (2016) with a huge concentration on the domestic factors, this model of Porter states that the domestic demand provides a scope for the companies to excel in a certain industry and the supporting industries help the companies to flourish. Moreover, Porter has identified that the factor like lack of land has helped the Japanese engineers to exile in manufacturing industry (Porter 2011). Thus, the diamond model identifies the factors those are influential in creating national competitiveness. A mere tautology: However, a number of criticisms have declared the theory of Porter as a mere tautology. As mentioned by Porter (2011) this particular model has made a case study of some economically developed countries has made an analysis of the cause of their development in the industrial and business sectors. This particular model has merely identified how those factors were initiated into the economy; rather it has explained how those factors have influenced the growth of businesses in that particular economy. In the case of Germany, the diamond model of porter has discussed that the strong base of the research and development sector of the country has positively influenced the growth of the chemical industry in Germany. However, the model has missed to identify what has initiated the establishment of the chemical industry or the research and development sector itself. Moreover, as identified by Alexandros and Metaxas (2016) the diamond model of porter has described that the domestic demand of t he cameras and the knowledge of the domestic customers about this product in Japan is being helpful for the nation to develop its success in the international camera business. However, the model has not identified what has created this particular pattern of demand within the market of Japan. As discussed by Riasi (2015) while considering the case of France, Porter has also identified the domestic demand as the cause of success or quality improvement of the wine industry in France. The model has typically ignored the cause of this demand within that market. Thus, the diamond model has merely stated the factors helped in business growth but it has failed to identify the origin of those factors and how those can be initiated for a market which lacks such factors. By failing to provide any theory about the different factors or demand creation the diamond model has become a mere tautology. Moreover, a number of critics have identified the applicability and validity of the diamond model of porter as limited. As mentioned by Wilson (2016) the model is basically a case study of a few economically developed countries and two newly industrial countries, Singapore and Korea. Hence, as mentioned by Riasi (2015) the proposals of the theory is more likely to be applicable or relevant to the economically developed countries. Empirical contravention: On the other hand, some empirical contravention of the provided theory of Porter has posed question on its validity for explaining the causes of competitive advantage among the countries. As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) in the discussion of porter, he has studied eight developed and two newly industrialized countries, Korea and Singapore. With the analysis of porter, he speculated that Korea is going to attain an advanced status of business in coming decades, whereas he has identified Singapore as a factor driven company which is less likely to attain a significant growth as compared to Korea. However, as identified by Tan and Ho (2015) since the publication of the discussion of Porter, Singapore has been identified as a more successful economy in business than Korea. This empirical difference has raised a doubt regarding the validity of the diamond model for determining a nation's competitiveness. Single diamond vs. Double diamond model: As mentioned by Kharub and Sharma (2016) Michel porter has defined that a strong national diamond or home base is a prerequisite for being internationally competitive. However, a number of critics have identified that a number of small scale economy that have entered into the international business and being successful, do not necessarily have a national diamond. Rugman and DCruz have identified that Canada typically lacks a strong demand conditions in its domestic diamond; however the strong and sophisticated foreign demand from the US diamond has helped the country to conduct a successful foreign business (Rugman and D'cruz 1993). Rugman and DCruz have successfully identified the lack of analysis or the limitation of the diamond model in reference to the foreign assistance. Ignorance to the importance of globalization and multinational companies: On the other hand, as identified by Liargovas and Apostolopoulos (2014) Porters lack of concentration on the importance of the multinational activities has limited itself in identifying the cause of growth of export-import business of various countries. The work of Cartwright identified that New Zealand has used the scope of globalization in conducting an export business with more than hundred countries, which has been ignored by the diamond model of Porter (Shu, Lin and Ye 2013). As mentioned by Riasi (2015) in the case of New Zealand, the Porter model could not explain the success of export-dependent and resource-based industries. Therefore, applications of Porter's home-based diamond require careful consideration and appropriate modification. In addition to this, Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) has identified that the home based focus of the diamond theory identified by Porter ignores the importance of the international countries in developing or improving the competitive stance in a certain nation. In the context of globalization, a domestic market is not necessarily important for many of the companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) the deregulation of world economy has opened the opportunity for various companies to operate in a stronger foreign market than its domestic market with less demand. Here the example of the KPO industry in the countries like India or Bangladesh can be cited (Javalgi et al. 2013). As per the Diamond model of Porter, for development of this industry the domestic demand or the supporting industries needed to be assertive or helpful. However, it proved to be wrong in the context of these countries. As discussed by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) the growth of this industry in these nations i s typically driven by the scopes opened by the globalization, demand in the global market and the double diamond model. The Late Development Theory: As identified by Clifton, Glasmeier and Sheth (2016) a number of countries like Japan, Taiwan, Mexico or India are growing industrially by using their learnt knowledge of technology or market from the countries which took part in the first and second industrial revolution. According to Alice Amsden, while the countries like the USA, the UK or Germany is being successful with product or process innovation, the late developers like Brazil, India, Turkey or South Korea is competing on the basis of low wages, experience in using the technologies and state subsidies. However, the diamond model of Porter has ignored this particular historical dimension in its suggested factors for analysing the national competitiveness. The missing dimensions in Porters model: While identifying the missing dimensions of Porters model regarding competitive advantage, it is important to describe the contribution of Chandler in this same factor. As mentioned by Chandler, the structure follows the strategy. As described by Takahashi (2016) the case study of Chandler discusses that depending on the changes in the technological trends and the market demand, the large corporations make changes in their strategies. Now, depending on the demands of the strategy or the new created market trend, he companies make changes in the organizational structure to perfectly use the created market opportunity. With the establishment of the new strategies the companies become able to excel in their production and creating economies of scale which directs them to obtain competitive advantage. As discussed by Galbraith (2014) in the explanation of Chandler, he used the cases of Ford which transformed the car market by utilizing the strategies of Mass production, standardization e tc. which also drove GM to introduce the strategy of diversification of mass produced goods and multi department hierarchical management. Thus, the car industry of the US got a competitive advantage. However, the diamond model of Porter has missed the dimension of technological advancement and managerial strategies. As discussed by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) Porters theory identified the way of national factors influencing competitive advantage, whereas the thesis of Chandler indentified the environmental factors like technology or market need those should be included in the diamond model of Porter. Moreover, Chandlers thesis has focused on the importance of management or strategies also needed to be included in the dimensions of Porters diamond model. The cultural aspects: In spite of the broad coverage of the Diamond model of Porter, Van den Bosch and Van Prooijen have identified that the model has failed to integrate the factor called national culture which is a significant influencing the business pattern in a certain country (Van Den Bosch and Van Prooijen 1992). As mentioned by Wilson (2016) Porter himself noted that many aspects of a nation such as attitude towards authority, norms of interpersonal interaction, attitude towards management and social norms influence the way firms are organized and managed. As identified by Van Den Bosch and Van Prooijen (1992) the culture of high work ethics or high saving rates of the Japanese citizens are influential in their success in a number of business enterprises. Moreover, the Japanese culture or belief of long term employment and incremental growth provides a scope to the domestic companies to specialise. Thus, the cultural aspects of a nation hugely contribute to the competitive advantage of a country. The role of government: As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) one of the greatest frailty of the diamond model of Porter is its failure to include the role of the national governmental authority in shaping desired success of the national industries or companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) depending on the polity or the national trade policy the companies become able to operate or excel in a certain industry. A government that follows a capitalist economy is more supportive to the business enterprises than a communist or socialist government. Moreover, as mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) in the world of globalization, the governmental policy about the foreign trades is typically influential in the international success of a domestic company. Moreover, with an open economic policy the government can collect foreign investment to revitalize a domestic industry or the factor endowments like the labour efficiency or the structural factors like the improvement of the communication or infrastructure or many more. Thus, the diamond mode of porter has failed a major factor to include in within its framework. The importance of FDI: As mentioned earlier, the diamond model of porter has neglected the impact of globalization or the MNCs in creating competitive advantage for the domestic companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) Porter has argued that the FDI is more likely to create an erosion in the market share of the domestic companies. However, little empirical evidences have supported it. In most of the cases the foreign FDIs has revitalised the domestic companies and create competitiveness within them. The recent example of TATAs takeover to Jaguar can be identified as such an example (Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge 2016). Conclusion: Hence, in conclusion it can be said that the diamond model of Michel porter cannot define or analyse the causes of international business success of certain economies exclusively. The models over concentration on the domestic circumstances or single national diamond has limited the applicability and validity of the model as a standard framework for the explanation of the achievements of major national business systems. As per the above mentioned discussion, it can be said that the model needs to include some other aspects like international business relations, double diamond frames, the cultural factors and the importance of the government as the missing factors for analyzing the cause of the national competitive advantages. References: Alexandros, P.N. and Metaxas, T., 2016. Porter vs Krugman: History, Analysis and Critique of Regional Competitiveness. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 3(1), pp.65-80. Clifton, J., Glasmeier, A. and Sheth, A., 2016. Revisiting development theory: Alice H. Amsdens impact on the field.. Fainshmidt, S., Smith, A. and Judge, W.Q., 2016. National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality. Global Strategy Journal, 6(2), pp.81-104. Galbraith, J.R., 2014. Designing organizations: strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. John Wiley Sons. Jambor, A. and Babu, S., 2016. Competitiveness: Definitions, Theories and Measurement. In Competitiveness of Global Agriculture (pp. 25-45). Springer International Publishing. Javalgi, R.R.G., Benoy Joseph, W., Granot, E. and Gross, A.C., 2013. Strategies for sustaining the edge in offshore outsourcing of services: the case of India. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 28(6), pp.475-486. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R.K., 2016. Investigating the role of porter diamond determinants for competitiveness in MSMEs. International Journal for Quality Research, 1(10), pp.471-486. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R.K., 2016. Investigating the role of porter diamond determinants for competitiveness in MSMEs. International Journal for Quality Research, 1(10), pp.471-486. Liargovas, P. and Apostolopoulos, N., 2014. Regional Development And Renewable Energy Enterprises. A Porter'S Diamond Analysis. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, 5(1 (9)), p.5. Negishi, T., 2014. HeckscherOhlin Theory (2). In Developments of International Trade Theory (pp. 81-86). Springer Japan. Porter, M.E., 2011. Competitive advantage of nations: creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster. Riasi, A., 2015. Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model. Business Management and Strategy, 6(2), pp.15-27 Rugman, A.M. and D'cruz, J.R., 1993. The" double diamond" model of international competitiveness: The Canadian experience. MIR: Management International Review, pp.17-39. Shu, Y., Lin, L. and Ye, J., 2013. An Empirical Study on China's Service Trade Competitiveness-Based on the Diamond Model. Management Engineering, (13), p.14. Takahashi, N., 2016. Strategy and Structure Follow Technology. Annals of Business Administrative Science, 15(1), pp.15-27. Tan, B.S. and Ho, Y.K., 2015. Singapore as an accountancy hub-a Porter's Diamond perspective. International Journal of Business Competition and Growth, 4(1-2), pp.44-56. Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Van Prooijen, A.A., 1992. The competitive advantage of European nations: The impact of national culturea missing element in porter's analysis?. European Management Journal, 10(2), pp.173-177. Wilson, P., 2016, May. The Impact of Culture on Cluster Competitiveness: a Revised Diamond Model. In Clusters as a Driving Power of the European Economy (pp. 162-175). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG.

Australlian Manufacturing Clothing and Footwear

Question: Discuss about the Australlian Manufacturingfor Clothing and Footwear. Answer: Introduction The Victorian manufacturer is one of the best companies that relates fully to manufacturing industries be it small, medium sized or large ones. The company deals with different industries like the automobile, chemical and plastics, clothing and footwear, textile to name just but a few. Therefore, with this many industries under the big company, it gets chances to reward businesses especially small export businesses that need uplifting in order for the country to improve in its economic status (Abdulsaleh et al, 2013). This increases the development and growth of supply chain management hence international trade between countries that will be purchasing, producing and transporting the exports (goods and services). Discussion The article discusses the supply chain management issue by referring to fact that the Victorian polythene pipe butt wielding equipment manufacturer has already found a solution for a problem that most export manufacturers had been facing for a long time. The challenge was that they lacked funds to finance the maintenance of the art machinery and purchasing of the raw materials needed for manufacturing of large volumes of export orders. However, apart from the businesses lacking the funds themselves, the main problem originated from the fact that the banks in Australia also never had enough cash flow to fund large amounts of cash that was needed. Additionally, even after the location of a potential new distributor for Worldpoly, the business could not get the funds required because of the many rules and regulations and large amounts of charges that accompany that kind of a deal. Supply chain management revolves around the control of raw materials (storage and purchasing), the work in progress and the movement of the finished goods and services from the producer to the consumer. Therefore, with reference to this fact, Worldpoly would be affected because they would not be able to transport their pipes to the new client without enough funds to pay the employees which affected the overall management of the supply chain department. This meant that the business would get problems when purchasing the raw materials, shipping products to South Africa, storage warehouse management or even maintaining the WIP inventory. In the end, this would cause serious negative effects to the business operations not only for the supply chain management but also the other department of the organization. Because of these problems that impeded Worldpolys business operations, they decided to use a different source of finances to fund their operations. They chose to take a loan from a credit lending organization which was used to offering great deals of agreement to small and medium sized businesses that specialized in exports. The deal gave them the opportunity for a long lasting business relationship with the South African client. The main argument is that the small manufacturing businesses dealing with export goods in Australia were faced by a problem of lack of funds to finance their usual business operations. Therefore, with that in mind, they were always under so much pressure to meet the international orders which were obviously very large orders, would not be able to ship products to their client effectively, they could not buy raw materials without stressing themselves among other issues.. This was entirely caused by the banks who had no funds to finance the business (Klapper et al, 2011). However, the credit lending organizations made themselves available fully and offered great deals to the borrowing organizations (Kerr et al, 2009). This lifted their spirits into continuing with their plans and gave them a long-run service which really favored most of the businesses like the Worldpoly. To be precise, yes the article is correct when it says that the Victorian manufacture (Worldpoly) raised funds to facilitate its operations and specifically the international business of pipe exporting. Worldpoly would undergo serious loss and negative effects especially on the supply management departments if they did not look for a different sponsor (Nanda, 2008). To add to that, the manufacturer really loved the deal that they made with Efic (Government export credit agency) because in real terms it was much better than that of the bank. The idea and the choice Worldpoly made actually helped facilitate the supply chain development between the two countries. Strengths The article has given the details of the agreement between Worldpoly and Efic which can actually help another organization make a decision to whether go for the bank loan or Efic loan Even after the banks lacked the money to fund Worldpolys operations, the business tried to source other sources that could finance the project because the main reason for the operation seemed promising. After the deal, the business was able to expand and especially in South-Africa which is currently one of the best partners of exports with Australia. The article has the power of strengthening other small export businesses by giving them ideas on different source of finances which they consider to be better than those of the banks. Weaknesses The articles sates that the deal between the credit lending governmental organization was easy, simple, easy understandable and many other positive qualities that it named. However, this may not be case considering the fact that it is a governmental organization which means that there are so many rules and regulations needed for any governmental deal to be closed (Canales et al, 2008). This is simply because there are so many people to sign paper and approve the deal which may take a longer time than one that is discussed by the article. The article has created an awful profile for the banks in Australia by stating the fact that they did not have the funds to support them in their operations. This probably buried the desire even for large organizations of borrowing from the banks and gave the credit to the governmental credit lending organizations (Kerr et al, 2010). Critics The article was giving so much credit to the government organizations at the expense of the banks. In real situations, the likely wood of that being true is extremely low simply because when it comes to the government the processes are always very slow and long putting in mind the authority structure (Kerr et al, 2009). References https://www.australianmanufacturing.com.au/ Kerr, W.R. and Nanda, R., 2009. Democratizing entry: Banking deregulations, financing constraints, and entrepreneurship.Journal of Financial Economics,94(1), pp.124-149. Kerr, W. and Nanda, R., 2009.Financing constraints and entrepreneurship(No. w15498). National Bureau of Economic Research. Klapper, L.F. and Love, I., 2011. Entrepreneurship and development: The role of information asymmetries.The World Bank Economic Review, p.lhr044. Nanda, R., 2008. Cost of external finance and selection into entrepreneurship. Canales, R. and Nanda, R., 2008.Bank structure and the terms of lending to small businesses. Harvard Business School. Kerr, W.R. and Nanda, R., 2010. Banking deregulations, financing constraints, and firm entry size.Journal of the European Economic Association,8(2?3), pp.582-593. Abdulsaleh, A.M. and Worthington, A.C., 2013. Small and medium-sized enterprises financing: A review of literature.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.36. Klotz, M., 2013. Manufacturing Fictional Individuals: Victorian Social Statistics, the Novel, and Great Expectations.Novel,46(2), pp.214-233.